Cómo nuestro gato se comunica a través de los olores
Los gatos, a diferencia de los humanos, poseen una gran sensibilidad olfativa que les permite emitir y detectar olores que para nosotros pasan por completo desapercibidos. Lo que todavía es más sorprendente es que esta capacidad les sirve, además, para comunicarse.
Junto a olores que no pasan desapercibidos a nadie como los que acompañan al celo, los gatos emiten y perciben otros mucho más sutiles.
Estamos hablando de las feromonas, unas moléculas portadoras de información que los gatos perciben no con el olfato sino con el llamado órgano vomeronasal, situado en el hueso del paladar. Es, en rigor, un sexto sentido independiente del olfato y el gusto.
Los gatos son capaces de segregar feromonas con muy distintas funciones. Pueden tener un sentido territorial o reproductivo, pero también lo utilizan las madres gatas para tranquilizar a sus gatitos.
Dejar sus propias feromonas es también el modo que utilizan los gatos para reconocerse entre ellos y sus “dominios”. Por eso es muy frecuente que nuestro gato nos restriegue el lateral de su cabeza por las piernas cuando nos ve entrar en casa, o que lo haga con las paredes y muebles.
Como se ve, las feromonas tienen un poderosísimo efecto inmediato sobre el estado de ánimo de un gato. Tanto es así que para que se habitúe a un nuevo espacio o una nueva casa -ya se sabe que son animales de costumbres y territorios fijos, por eso no les gustan las mudanzas- se utilizan feromonas artificiales que los relajan y dan confianza.
A partir de ahora, si vemos que nuestro gato retrae el labio superior, su nariz se pliega, los orificios nasales se le cierran e inspira con la boca entreabierta, sabremos que está “leyendo” feromonas en el aire. A este peculiar comportamiento, que no es exactamente un olfateo, se lo denomina “flehmen”.
Seguiremos explorando el universo de los gatos.
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